What it is that makes Americans so resistant to learning foreign languages? Maybe it’s our history of isolationism, maybe it’s patriotism, maybe (probably) it’s laziness. If English was good enough for Jesus and Shakespeare, it’s good enough for us, we sometimes say. But a few moments of surfing the worldwide web is time enough to discover that many of us refuse even to learn our own language. Here are 20 cold, hard, embarrassing facts about foreign language learning in the U.S. of America.
1. In Europe, 44% of citizens speak multiple languages. In the U.S., only a paltry 9% can say the same.
2. It is estimated that more than half the world speaks at least two languages, compared to our rate of slightly less than 1 in 10.
3. Students in Finland dedicate about 16 hours each week to foreign languages, and still manage to come in second in reading, second in math, and first in science. American students’ ranks: 14th, 25th, and 17th out of 34.
4. In the last 30 years, we’ve had just two presidents with passable abilities in one foreign language (excepting President George W. Bush’s attempts at Spanish).
5. We haven’t had a multilingual president since Franklin D. Roosevelt. That’s 66 years, if you’re counting.
6. “An avalanche of criticism” came down on Barack Obama in 2008 when he dared to suggest American children should learn a foreign language. Later he had to point out to the American public that learning is a good thing.
7. As of 2011, only 10 states have a foreign language requirement for graduating from high school…
8. …So it should come as no surprise that 2/3 of all U.S. high school students graduate without studying a foreign language. Not mastering a foreign language — studying.
9. Sign language is the No. 4 most-studied foreign language at American universities. Learning any language is a good thing, but considering there are many more Russians, Italians, Dutch, and Greeks in the world than there are deaf people, these languages deserve to be much higher on the list.
10. According to the U.S. Department of Education, as of 2006, not even 1% of American high school students combined studied Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, or Urdu. Together these languages are spoken by an estimated 1.7 billion people (so they’re kind of important).
11. An estimated 60,000 American students study Chinese, compared to 200 million Chinese students studying English. That’s a 1:3,333 ratio.
12. The recent spike in the study of Chinese is due to the fact China is sending us teachers and paying their salaries for us.
13. In the summer of 2011, federal funding to 14 foreign language programs arranged through the Higher Education Opportunity Act was cut by 40%, from $126 million to $76 million.
14. That $76 million for foreign language represents 0.00126% of the total federal budget.
15. Five years ago, the number of college students graduating without ever having taken a foreign language class was 92%.
16. The laughably-small total of 136 bachelor’s degrees was awarded for studies in foreign language in 2008.
17. From 1997 to 2008, the percentage of elementary schools offering foreign language instruction fell from 1/3 to 1/4.
18. It’s no wonder schools don’t offer foreign languages anymore — they can’t find anyone to teach them. In the 2007-2008 school year, 3/4 of states experienced shortages of foreign language instructors.
19. Of the 25 leading industrialized countries in the world, 20 begin teaching students foreign languages in elementary school. In the U.S., the average starting age for learning a second language is 14.
20. In 2008, Hillary Clinton, now the Secretary of State and thus the highest-ranking foreign diplomat in the country, demonstrated what an American education culminating with a diploma from Yale Law School apparently gets you — a total lack of foreign language skills.
是什么让美国人对学外语如此排斥?是因为美国源远流长的孤立主义?爱国主义?还是美国人的懒惰?以下列举了20个令美国人尴尬的事实。
1. 在欧洲,44%的公民能说多种语言,在美国,具备这种能力的人大约只占9%。
2.据估计,全球超过一半的人至少能说两种语言,这个比例在美国小于十分之一。
3.芬兰学生每周花大约16个小时学习外语,尽管如此,他们的阅读和数学能力仍居全球第2,科学能力全球第1;而美国学生在接受调查的34个国家中,相应的排名只有第14,第25和第17。
4.在过去的30年中,美国仅有两位总略通一门外语。
5.自富兰克林•德怀特•罗斯福总统后,美国没有一位总统能讲多国语言,这种现象持续了66年。
6.2008年,奥巴马总统提议:每一个美国孩子都应该学一门外语,此言一出,立即引来排山倒海的批评。
7.2011年,全美仅有10个州,在中学毕业考试中有外语要求。
8.不足为奇,美国三分之二的高中生毕业的时候没有学过一门外语。
9.肢体语言是美国大学中第四大外语,学习任何一门语言都是一件好事情,但是考虑到美国境内有很多俄罗斯人、意大利人、荷兰人和希腊人,这些人的总数远比美国的聋哑人要多,所以,这些国家的语言受重视程度应该更加靠前。
10.根据美国教育部(微博)的统计资料,2006年,不到1%的中学生一同学习了阿拉伯语、汉语、日语、韩语、俄语和乌尔都语,而全球讲这些语言的总人口达到了17亿左右。
11.据估计:目前6万名美国学生正在学汉语,2亿中国学生正在学英语,两者的比例是1:3333!
12.目前,阻止美国学生学汉语的障碍是中国正在向美国输出汉语教师。
13.2011年夏,联邦用于14个外语学习项目的资金被削减了了40%,从1.26亿美元降到了7600万美元。
14.上述用于外语学习的7600万美元大约仅占联邦总预算的0.00126%。
15.五年前,一门外语都没有学过的大学毕业生装占到了92%。
16.2008年,全美仅有136名大学生获得了外国语言学士学位。
17.从1997年到2008年,开设外语课的小学数量从三分之一降到了四分之一。
18.2007年到2008学年,美国四分之三的州遭遇外语教师人才荒。
19.在25个工业化国家中,有20个国家从小学开始就开设外语课程,在美国,学生学习一门第二语言的平均年龄是14岁。
20. 2008年,希拉里•克林顿向人们出示了她的文凭——耶鲁大学法学院文凭。这位后来担任美国最高外交官——美国国务卿的女人获得的只是一张法律专业的文凭,可见美国教育制度对外语教学的忽视到了什么程度。
美国十大外语
语言种类 |
2006年秋季
注册学生 |
与2002年相比
增加比率 |
2009年秋季
注册学生 |
与2006年相比
增加比率 |
1. 西班牙语 |
822,985 |
10.3% |
864,986 |
5.1% |
2. 法语 |
206,426 |
2.2 |
216,419 |
4.8 |
3. 德语 |
94,264 |
3.5 |
96,349 |
2.2 |
4. 肢体语 |
78,829 |
29.7 |
91,763 |
16.4 |
5. 意大利语 |
78,368 |
22.6 |
80,752 |
3.0 |
6. 日语 |
66,605 |
27.5 |
73,434 |
10.3 |
7. 汉语 |
51,582 |
51.0 |
60,976 |
18.2 |
8. 阿拉伯语 |
23,974 |
126.5 |
35,083 |
46.3 |
9. 拉丁语 |
32,191 |
7.9 |
32,606 |
1.3 |
10. 俄语 |
24,845 |
3.9 |
26,883 |
8.2 | |